Root canal treatment, also known as endodontic therapy, is a dental procedure designed to treat infections or damage within the pulp of a tooth. The pulp, located in the center of the tooth, contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue.

Common reasons for needing a root canal include severe tooth decay, deep cavities, trauma to the tooth, or bacterial infection that has reached the pulp. Symptoms may include persistent toothache, sensitivity to hot or cold, swelling, and pain upon biting.

The process begins with the removal of the infected or damaged pulp, followed by cleaning and disinfecting the root canals. Once cleaned, the canals are filled with a biocompatible material, usually gutta-percha, to seal the space and prevent further infection.

Root canal treatments are typically performed by endodontists, who are specialists in this field, but general dentists may also handle straightforward cases. Advances in technology, such as rotary instruments and digital imaging, have made the procedure more efficient and comfortable for patients.

Following a root canal, a tooth may require a crown to restore its strength and function. With proper care, a tooth that has undergone a root canal can last a lifetime. Root canal therapy is crucial for preserving natural teeth, preventing the spread of infection, and alleviating pain associated with dental pulp inflammation. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices contribute to the long-term success of root canal-treated teeth.